CLEF EDIT

Cleansing is one of the most important fundamental building blocks of a skincare routine. As with all things basic, we tend to either overlook it or feel very confused by it. In this article, we’ll be tackling eight of the Internet’s most burning questions about cleansing. Read on to take your skincare game to the next level!   1. How long should I wash my face for? Cleansing should take about 30 to 60 seconds. According to LABeautyologist’s Nayamka Roberts-Smith, that’s how long it takes for cleanser ingredients to really penetrate the skin. Lather up with your hands (more on how to do that later). Start by cleansing the T-zone first - as it is the oiliest - before moving on to other parts of the face. Avoid spending too much time on the eyelids and lips, as they are more vulnerable and sensitive. Cleanse with an upward circular motion and gently massage the cleanser into your skin. Finally, rinse thoroughly and pat dry with a clean towel.   2. Are cleansers really that important? They get washed off anyway. If you have a cleanser that’s wrong for you, it may feel fine at first save for a tight sensation. But at some point, you may start to experience issues such as rapid aging, pore enlargement and excess sebum secretion. In the long term, cleansers are crucial for good skin. Additionally, cleansing preps your skin for better absorption of subsequent products, thereby maximizing the effects of all your follow-up efforts.   3. Is it bad to switch cleansers all the time? Some people don’t have a go-to cleanser, and that’s totally fine - unless you have sensitive skin. Generally, experts say if it isn’t broken, don’t fix it: if you find a cleanser that works for you, there’s no reason to swap it out and risk aggravating your skin as it attempts to adapt to a new product.   4. Is cleansing sufficient to remove sunscreen? Cleansing alone is sufficient to remove your sunscreen if It has an SPF of 15 or 30 It is not waterproof It does not offer any coverage / it is not tinted However, you’ll need a makeup remover to really get rid of your sunscreen if It has an SPF of 50 or higher It is waterproof It offers coverage / it is tinted   5. What’s the ideal water temperature for washing my face? Warm water dissolves sebum, cold water closes pores, whereas hot water disrupts the skin’s natural protective barrier. As such, wet your face with warm water that measures at about 35°C, then rinse your cleanser off with cold water to tighten the pores. 6. Do foaming cleansers cleanse better? Technically, yes. However, foaming cleansers tend to be higher in pH (soap is alkaline), which could strip your skin’s moisture barrier and cause dryness in the long run. Sodium laureth sulfate, a common foaming agent used in these cleansers, has also been found to be an irritant and incredibly sensitising. So, if you prefer foaming cleansers, it is pivotal to lather up with your hands first. If applied directly to your face in high concentration, you risk damaging your skin. Pump a sufficient amount of cleanser onto one hand; with the fingers of your other hand, rub vigorously until it foams.   7. Should I cleanse multiple times a day if my skin is always oily? Over-cleansing is actually one of the biggest culprits behind excess sebum and frequent breakouts. It damages your skin’s lipid barrier, stripping it of natural oil and prompting it to secrete more sebum. Ideally, you should only cleanse up to twice a day. If necessary, try double cleansing in the evening with a micellar water and cleanser combo. Micellar water effectively rids your skin of sebum and impurities while hydrating it. With consistent use, it helps get your sebum secretion under control, which is a more sustainable way of reducing oiliness. It may seem counterintuitive, but oily skin is not unlike dry skin in that they’re both caused by dehydration. When the skin is too dry, it generates more sebum to compensate. Seeing as hydration is the key to mitigating oiliness, remember to moisturise after cleansing.   8. Are expensive cleansers better? Not necessarily. Suitability is your number one concern when it comes to skincare products, everything else comes after.   Cleansing may seem simple, but it's one of the most vital steps in any skincare routine. From choosing the right product to using proper techniques and understanding how often to cleanse, these small decisions can have a big impact on your skin’s health. Whether you have oily, dry, or sensitive skin, prioritizing gentle, effective cleansing will help set the foundation for a clearer, healthier complexion. So take the time to understand your skin’s needs—because great skincare always starts with a good cleanse. Explore our range of hydrating cleansers and other skincare essentials designed to support your journey to healthier, radiant skin.

It’s a brand new year - perhaps it’s time for a brand new skin? If you miss those days when your skin was baby soft, or simply wish to maintain your already gorgeous complexion, chemical peeling may be your answer.     In general, chemical peeling uses a peeling agent - typically acid - to increase cellular turnover. It is basically the process of removing dead skin cells to stimulate the growth of new skin cells. Studies have also consistently found the procedure to be capable of promoting collagen and glycosaminoglycan production, the latter of which is responsible for the regulation of cell growth and reparation of wounds. As a result, chemical peeling effectively turns the clock back on your skin, restoring it to its undamaged silky smoothness. There are three levels of chemical peeling: superficial, medium and deep. As suggested by the names, they involve varying levels of peeling intensity through the use of different peeling agents. While medium and deep peeling can only be done by a dermatologist due to the higher health risks involved, superficial peeling using milder peeling agents are becoming more common and accessible.    Two Common Types of Superficial Peeling Agent Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) AHA includes lactic, glycolic, citric, malic, mandelic and tartaric acids - with glycolic and lactic acid being the most popular. These acids are derived from sugars found in fruits. Much like copper peptide, their tiny molecules penetrate the skin to treat acne, acne scars and wrinkles. It is also great for brightening the complexion, as well as unclogging and minimising pores. AHA is uniquely hydrating when compared to other acids, making it ideal as an introductory product into the practice of chemical peeling. However, due to its relatively gentle nature, it tends to take longer to produce visible results. Additionally, it lacks the strength required to tackle severe skin inflammation and acne. Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) Within the BHA family, only salicylic acid is used for topical application. This acid possesses a higher penetration power than AHA, making it more effective for both the treatment and prevention of blackheads, acnes and comedonal acnes. BHA is great on oily skin, as it has the ability to balance sebum production. On the flip side, it has the potential of drying out the skin as a harsher acid, rendering it unsuitable for dry skin users.   A Few Things to Note Jumping right into chemical peeling with harsh peeling agents is a big no-no, as it could greatly damage your skin. Start with daily application of mild acids like AHA, which will gradually build up your skin’s tolerance towards the practice. Once your skin condition stabilizes, it is important that you pause the application one day per week to let your skin take a break. At the beginning, it is normal to observe a mild prickling or burning sensation, itchiness, tightness and of course, peeling. Some even reported acne flare-ups as a response to the purging of blind pimples. While these symptoms are known to subside with consistent use, monitor your skin closely and consult a dermatologist if necessary.  Peeling also makes your skin vulnerable, as it essentially strips away the outermost layer of your skin. So it is extremely important to only apply acids at night and apply proper sunscreen with SPF 30 during the day. For the same reason, avoid following up the application with exfoliating or whitening products, which tend to be harsh and stimulating. Instead, focus on hydration, which is pivotal post-chemical peeling. Opt for CLEF 9-in-1 Copper Peptide Mask, which minimises inflammation, as well as calms and intensely moisturizes your skin in under 20 minutes.

Cleansing, like many other aspects of skincare, comes with a lot of myths, misconceptions and mixed information. That’s why we’ve gathered eight experts and enthusiasts in this article to spill some beau-tea and reveal their best kept secrets about cleansers. Let’s get right into it!   Name: Alicia Tan Occupation: Content creator Age: 29 Skin type: Dry Length of experience / interest in skincare: 7 years I have dry skin, and had previously used cleansers that weren’t suited for me. I think they were too harsh on my skin, which caused dryness and irritation. So for me, cleansers are very important, as it’s an essential first step to remove all dirt, impurities and environmental aggressors from the skin. Personally, I prefer gel type cleansers - they’re gentle and more hydrating, yet effective. However, we all have different skin types, so find one that’s suitable for you. The key is to not get one that’s too harsh on the skin. Your skin should not feel tight post cleansing! It should feel comfortable. Name: Eros Occupation: Freelancer Age: 24 Skin type: Oily, acne-prone Length of experience/interest in skincare: Since 2014 I began to develop my enthusiasm towards skincare in 2014.  As the first step of my skincare routine, cleansing is important because it helps to create a clean canvas for my remaining steps by removing dead skin cells, helping with cellular turnover and ensuring better absorption of subsequent products I layer on. I started using cleansers around the age of 14, which was when I started getting lots of breakouts. I didn’t know much about skincare back then, so I simply used products that I could afford. I also didn’t learn of the correct way of cleansing. These worsened my skin. Back then, I thought cleansers with beads or micro capsules would exfoliate my skin and make it better. However, they didn’t actually help and only irritated my skin more. As a result, I had more frequent breakouts. After that, I stopped using harsh cleansers and switched to gentler ones. As I got more into skincare, I also started researching ingredients in products before using them. Personally, I prefer gel cleansers now. Gel cleansers have a clear, jelly-like consistency and typically need to be rinsed off. They deeply cleanse with just one wash and remove excess oil from my face without stripping it of moisture. There are cleansers out there that are very moisturising and packed with hydrating ingredients, leaving the skin feeling moist and fresh - those gel cleansers are my faves. My advice for cleansing: wash your face gently in a circular motion. Also, if you wear makeup, remember to double cleanse to ensure that the makeup is fully removed. Name: Kenny YeeOccupation: Makeup artistAge: 33Skin type: Normal to combinationLength of experience/interest in skincare: 21 years Cleansers are very important to me! If I could bring only one skincare product along to a deserted island, it would be a cleanser. In my years as a professional makeup artist, I’ve met numerous customers who experienced skin dryness from using unsuitable cleansers. While my personal preference for cleansers varies with the season and environment, if your current cleanser leaves your skin feeling tight or dry, you should stop using it. A cleanser that is suitable for your skin is a need, not a want. Name: Ng Mian YiekOccupation: Dermal Clinician/Medical AestheticianAge: 24Length of experience in the beauty/skincare industry: 4 years   I have 4 years of experience in the beauty/skincare industry. Some customers aren’t sure about the type of cleanser they are suited for, while some damage their skin with cleansers that are wrong for them. These customers could be from any age, ranging from 10 to 55 years old. They then face all kinds of problems: acne for teens, dehydration for some. Other skin conditions such as Rosacea and Dermatitis also occur.   If you have an unsuitable cleanser, instead of waiting till you finish it, I suggest switching immediately to one that’s more suitable for you - you’ll find your skin increasingly healthy and stable with it.   When it comes to choosing a cleanser for the general population/my patients, my advice is as long as it works for them and keeps their skin fresh and healthy - because it still depends on their skin type. For me, I have combination sensitive skin. I prefer a gel in the morning and a slightly foamy cleanser in the evening. They keep my skin happy.   Pay attention to the ingredients when choosing skincare products. You should at least be able to recognise and avoid harmful ingredients such as excessive fragrances, ethanol, etc. To minimise the risk of selecting the wrong product, it’s necessary to equip yourself with these knowledge. Name: Sik XinneOccupation: Aesthetic device application specialistAge: 24Skin type: Dry to combinationLength of experience / interest in skincare: 5 years I started to learn about the importance of cleansers when I was 18. Since I started wearing makeup, cleansing plays a really important role in preventing breakouts. I have dry to combination skin, so I prefer cleansing milk, which is more gentle and hydrates my skin. Sometimes gel-type cleansers are fine too. I’ve tried harsh cleansers that caused dryness and peeling. I switched them out immediately and started using moisturising products, such as masks, to quickly hydrate my skin. I’ve been avoiding foaming cleansers since then, as they’re meant for oily skin and could dehydrate my skin. Choose a cleanser that is suitable for you; use it regularly to remove impurities from your face, even if you don’t wear makeup. Cleansing your face will prep your skin for better absorption of other skincare products. Name: Zi YanOccupation: Beauty tattoo artistAge: 24Skin type: DryLength of experience / interest in skincare: 6 years I’m a beauty tattoo artist. Cleansers are very important to me. As the first step of skincare, cleansing preps the skin for the remaining routine. Without cleansing first, the skincare products you apply basically go to waste and could even burden your skin. I have dry sensitive skin, so I prefer non-foaming cleansers, which I think are more gentle and moisturizing. Here’s how to cleanse better: wet your face with lukewarm water (about 35°C), then wash with cold water after cleansing. You can also use salted water, which dissolves sebum and impurities to minimise blackheads.  For your reference, these are the steps I take when my skin acts up in response to unsuitable products: I press pause on all products to prevent from further burdening my skin, which needs rest. After a period of time, I’ll resume my routine in gradual steps to allow my skin to readapt to the products. On a side note, remember to study the products and their ingredients before using them. Name: Yim Pei YiOccupation: Regulatory affairs assistantAge: 24Skin type: Combination skinLength of experience / interest in skincare: 8 years I started to learn about the importance of cleansers when I was 16 years old, which was when I started having acne breakouts. My skin is considered combination skin. I used to think when you cleanse your skin, it needs to feel squeaky clean. So, I would buy oil-controlling or blackhead-removing cleansers. I also thought I was supposed to wash my face whenever it feels oily. I was wrong. My skin was dehydrated and breakouts would worsen or not heal. As a result, I began only using cleansers that are pH-balanced and don’t strip moisture off my face. Gel and non-foaming cleansers are my go-to. They are less drying as compared to foaming cleansers. I also only cleanse at night instead of twice a day. Cleansing is important especially if you wear makeup or sunscreen. Leaving makeup or sunscreen on the skin every day can disrupt your skin barrier by throwing off the pH balance! Cleansing also removes excess sebum that can clog your pores.  Don’t cleanse your face for more than 60 seconds or twice a day. Double cleansing once a day is enough. Your skin will thank you! Name: Tam Xin PeiOccupation: Beauty consultant / beauticianAge: 25Length of experience in the beauty/skincare industry: 7 years I’m a beautician with 7 years of experience in the industry. Cleansing is a basic step of skincare, which reduces pigmentation and bacterial growth. The right cleanser will also help boost your skin’s absorption of subsequent products. I have a lot of customers who are faced with sensitivity, acne flare-ups and dehydration from using the wrong product - mostly cleansers that are too harsh. There’s no one product type that’s superior to the rest, as it depends on the skin type and condition. Be it foaming, mildly-foaming or non-foaming, you can find good cleansers of each variety. But, I would advise against harsh cleansers, because the skin requires a little bit of oil to remain healthy.  Nowadays it’s really easy to manufacture skincare products. Therefore, it’s really important to learn about ingredients and certification, the company’s background and reputation and to identify the authenticity of product reviews.

WHAT IS COLLAGEN? Collagen is the most abundant form of protein found in humans, constituting one-third of the body’s protein composition. As one of the primary building blocks of our bones, skin, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, collagen provides structure and is often referred to as the scaffolding of the body. It also works in unison with elastin to maintain the skin’s elasticity, keeping it firm and plump. Our body naturally produces collagen by breaking down dietary protein into amino acids. However, the mechanism gradually slows as we age. After the age of 25, collagen production decreases by an average of 1% per year - a rate that increases further beyond age 40. On the other hand, factors like exposure to the sun, a sugar-rich diet and smoking could also accelerate the breaking down of collagen. The loss of collagen is a significant culprit behind the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, dryness and sagging. Given collagen’s prominent role in enabling youthful smooth skin, it became one of anti-ageing skincare’s priorities to boost its production. Certain ingredients are capable of achieving this, but there are differing pros and cons to be considered. RETINOL Retinol, a derivative of vitamin A, is commonly used for anti-ageing purposes. It has the ability to stimulate the production of collagen and blood vessels, the latter of which enhances skin colour. Additionally, it has the benefit of softening rough patches, as well as fading age spots and scars. However, retinol tends to take a very long time to produce visible results. To observe apparent improvement in wrinkle reduction, at least three to six months of regular use is required. Meanwhile, the best results are reaped as long as a year later. This may be due to the fact that retinol could cause skin dryness and irritation. It also heightens the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight. As such, over-the-counter retinol products tend to be less concentrated to mitigate these issues, and are hence less effective. VITAMIN C Vitamin C is used at nearly every stage of the body’s natural collagen-building process. In fact, our body’s inability to generate adequate levels of Vitamin C as we age is a major contributor to the decrease in collagen production. Consequently, the use of Vitamin C can give collagen formation a much needed boost. The downside of Vitamin C is that it is a pro-oxidant, which could cause skin damage in the form of collagen and elastin breakdown, inflammation, irritation and acne. These are consequences of Vitamin C’s reactions with metals, such as iron, which is present in the air and water we are exposed to, as well as cosmetics and sunscreen. Besides, it similarly induces heightened sensitivity to sunlight and UV radiation. COPPER PEPTIDE Copper peptide is naturally-occuring in the human body. Its tiny particles penetrate the deepest layer of our skin, where it sends a message for the skin to increase its collagen production and signals for aging skin cells to behave like younger, healthier skin cells. Combined with its wound-healing and scar-fading properties, copper peptide enables intensive and long-lasting restorative effects. On top of that, copper peptide yields firmer, smoothened skin in as soon as three months. Look for an added boost to enhance the peptide's ability with this sheet mask. Relatively speaking, copper peptide is a newcomer in the beauty industry. While studies of the substance trace back to 1973, it was introduced into skincare in the 90’s and gained more prestige only recently. Nonetheless, it consistently shows exceptionally promising results.   Looking to enjoy the wonders of copper peptide? Try CLEF 9-in-1 Copper Peptide Mask - it comes with 30ml of essence to thoroughly pamper your skin!

  You finally put together the perfect skincare routine. Your methods seem to be working, and your skin is glowing. You thought you’d never again have to go through the excruciating and wallet-emptying trial-and-error phase. Then, it all came crashing down a few months later. Old horrors returned, issues reemerged. You blamed the products, but you grew suspicious. What if it wasn’t their fault? That’s when you came across skin fasting. Skin Fasting: What and Why? Allegedly, the idea of skin fasting originated nearly a decade ago from Japanese brand Mirai Clinical. Another notable advocate of the concept is director and chief plastic surgeon of Aesthetic Medical Center in Japan, Dr. Ryuichi Utsugi. The renowned plastic surgeon penned a book that popularized skin fasting, in which he detailed the steps that constitute the procedure. Basically, the practice involves pressing pause on your skincare routine for a period of time. Stripped of products, the skin would tap into its own reparative and rejuvenating capacities. The skin’s natural protective barrier, which is said to be weakened by excessive product use, would also normalize and regulate itself. The process is akin to intermittent fasting, which holds that abstaining from external substances prompts a complete reset in our bodies. For skin fasting, the targeted organ should attain a restored, healthy balance at the end. It sounds promising and simple enough to execute, yet results vary for individuals. As it turns out, skin fasting may not be as straightforward as it sounds, and it certainly isn’t for everyone.    Who? If you have any of the following, you could benefit from skin fasting: An excess of nutrition in the skin from long-term use of highly nourishing products Dead skin cell build-up that hinders the effective absorption of skincare products Unstable skin conditions brought on by changing of seasons or menstrual cycles Oil-water imbalance that defies the most rigorous of moisturizing efforts A daily habit of wearing cosmetics   How? Despite the name, skin fasting is really more like a diet than a fast. It does not mean the complete cessation of your skincare routine. Rather, it’s the simplification of skincare routine, of which CLEF is a big believer. The procedure is usually carried out for seven days, ideally in humid environments to prevent the skin from dehydrating. One would gradually reduce product use in order to downscale their routine, like this: Day 1: Cleanse with water and avoid all products Day 2 to 4: Toner + hydrating serum (hyaluronic acid) + eye serum Day 5 to 6: Toner + hydrating serum (hyaluronic acid) + eye serum + moisturizer Day 7: Resumption of full routine + a moisturizing CLEF Copper Peptide 9-in-1 Mask If you suffer from unstable skin conditions, consider doing it every two to three months. On the other hand, those looking to purge their skin of excess nutrition can pump it up to once a month. While the individual steps are customizable, there are some general rules to be observed. Firstly, it’s best to avoid cosmetics during the period. Secondly, feel free to eliminate all but the eye serum, as it provides unique functions that are indispensable to the delicate skin around our eyes. Lastly, cleansing with a cleanser at night while skin fasting could minimize the risk of negative reactions. This is particularly important for those wearing sunscreen during the day.  The CLEF Cleansing Gel, for example, is a great option even for sensitive or combination skin types. It gently rids your skin of impurities and helps lock in moisture, providing an extra layer of protection while your skin detoxes. The Takeaway Ultimately, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to skin fasting. But, regardless of your skin type, you could ease into the practice with one to two days of skin fasting per week to determine whether it works for you. Closely monitor the skin’s response, strategize accordingly, and return immediately to your usual routines if problems occur. Happy skin fasting! Check out CLEF Skincare's Products HERE.

  Rumor has it that your caffeine habits (or dependence, more like. It’s okay—we’re there too) could be ruining your skin. But is drinking coffee really that bad? Unfortunately, we can’t give you a simple yes or no, so keep reading to learn more about whether or not coffee loves us as much as we love it.    The Benefits of Drinking Coffee Coffee contains caffeine, which is the main reason people drink it in the morning and count on it for a quick energy boost.  When consumed correctly, coffee is actually a good habit to have. Caffeine has been shown to be beneficial for the skin, thanks to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. An antioxidant-rich diet can improve skin health and slow down signs of aging since antioxidants fight free radicals, which are damaging molecules responsible for the premature formation of fine lines, wrinkles, and brown spots. Studies have shown that coffee is one of the biggest sources of antioxidants for many people. Yay! Coffee and Breakouts   One of the biggest rumors surrounding coffee is that it triggers acne. This is somewhat a myth, because caffeine doesn’t directly cause acne. However, the overconsumption of caffeine has been linked to heightened stress levels, which is linked to acne. This is because the stress hormones (like cortisol) that get released can trigger acne by making your body pump out insulin, which causes the skin to produce excess oil, over-generate new skin cells, and increase your body’s inflammation levels. So, how much coffee is too much? Health experts recommend a maximum of 400 milligrams a day, which equates to roughly four or five cups. If you are acne-prone, try limiting yourself to one or two cups a day. Too much of a good thing can be a bad thing, so always do things in moderation.   Additionally, the way you drink your coffee could be responsible for your breakouts. Studies have found a link between milk with acne. Whey and casein are proteins found in dairy that are known for causing inflammation in the skin, specifically acne. Inorganic milk, white sugar, and syrup can also negatively affect your hormones and create breakouts. So if you struggle with acne and can’t seem to figure out what your triggers are, try cutting out creamers and sweeteners, and start drinking your coffee black. Bonus: it’s better for your health too! If you really can’t give up that milky goodness though, opt for a non-dairy creamer instead. Is Coffee Dehydrating?   Caffeine is known to have a diuretic effect, meaning it causes your kidneys to flush out water through more frequent bathroom trips, resulting in greater water loss. This could be making your skin dehydrated, which gives your complexion a dull appearance, thereby dampening your glow! Dehydration can also lead to inflammation, dry patches, loss of collagen, and an overproduction of sebum (which causes acne). While caffeine’s diuretic effect is generally considered mild compared to other diuretics out there, some people might be extra sensitive to it. If this is you, but you simply can’t give it up, remember to stay hydrated by drinking more water, and do give our Hydrating Cleansing Gel a shot. This multifunctional cleanser gently deep cleans your skin without drying it out. It has anti-aging and hydrating benefits too! Coffee in Skincare So now that we’ve established that coffee is beneficial for our skin when consumed orally, what about when it's applied directly to the skin? Coffee (or caffeine-infused) skincare products like body scrubs and eye creams have been exploding in popularity. But are they any good? Caffeine maintains its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties when applied topically, so it does decrease the appearance of cellulite and puffy, swollen under-eyes by dehydrating skin tissue. However, these effects are short-term and only temporary. If you like coffee-based skincare products, there’s no harm in using them, but don't expect any anti-aging miracles or long-lasting results. If you are on the hunt to maximize your anti-aging routine, why not up your game with our 9-in-1 Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask? It boosts your skin’s natural collagen production and nourishes your skin from the inside out. Plus, you’ll be able to see long-lasting results within 21 days! The Takeaway When consumed in healthy amounts, coffee is good for your skin and body due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the sweeteners and creamers you add into your coffee could be causing your breakouts. If you simply can’t adapt to plain black coffee, or dislike the taste of coffee in general, you can also enjoy the temporary skin benefits of caffeine by introducing coffee-infused products into your skincare routine.  

  WHAT IS TREHALOSE AND WHAT DOES IT DO FOR OUR SKIN? Trehalose is a naturally occurring sugar most commonly found in dried shiitake mushroom and seaweed. Also known as ‘Resurrection Sugar’, it restores plants and fungi to their original states upon rehydration, in addition to helping them withstand extreme conditions. Trehalose forms a protective layer that stops cells from falling apart when they start to dehydrate, and allows them to resume their shape as soon as they come into contact with water. When used in skincare, this naturally-derived, highly stable ingredient is one of the most efficient skin hydrating ingredients on the planet! It functions as a humectant that draws moisture from the environment to keep skin cells well-hydrated, and keeps the complexion looking plump and dewy.  In fact, studies have found that trehalose is superior to hyaluronic acid when it comes to moisture replenishment. However, that doesn’t mean hyaluronic acid doesn’t have its benefits. In fact, when used together with trehalose, the two ingredients appear to synergise. Hyaluronic acid binds water, while trehalose prevents cellular dehydration.  Our Hydrating Cleansing Gel, which is formulated with trehalose, also contains hyaluronic acid for a more holistic approach to hydration. Together, this combination works better than the individual ingredients to supply your skin with the moisture it needs. Cleansers are a great way for you to introduce this ingredient into your everyday skincare routine since you’ll be able to immediately feel its moisturising powers (and immediately fall in love with it!). Keep reading to learn more about the benefits of trehalose.     1. It helps skin retain moisture and prevent dryness  Trehalose moisturizes the skin by mimicking the composition of the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) found within the skin’s epidermis. The NMF is an expansive group of substances that consists of sugars, salts, amino acids, peptides, PCA, lactates, and urea. These substances work together to keep the skin’s surface supple and hydrated. As we age, the NMF can become depleted. Constant exposure to drying ingredients like cleansing agents and denatured alcohol can also deplete the NMF. The result is skin that is dry, flaky, and feels tight. Apart from accelerating the signs of aging, dry skin can also lead to rebound sebum production, leaving your skin even oilier than before (and can also lead to breakouts). Hydration is key in keeping your skin youthful and clear.   2. It protects the skin  Trehalose forms special structures above cell membranes that protects molecular structures from being damaged or destroyed. When trehalose comes into contact with water, it creates a more crystalline formation with neighboring water molecules than that created between water molecules and other compounds. It also modifies the dynamic properties of water, forming a unique structure which makes it better equipped at protecting biological structures.  The natural protective functions of trehalose help to prevent skin and hair damage caused by exposure to harsh environmental factors like UV radiation, pollution, smoke, and irritants. Additionally, trehalose protects collagen-producing cells from dehydration. These properties make trehalose an ideal ingredient to include in formulations for sensitive skin since excessive exposure to skin-damaging environmental factors—like sun, wind, and extreme temperatures—is a leading cause of sensitive skin.   3. It’s an effective antioxidant  Trehalose also has antioxidative properties, which means it neutralizes free radicals and protects the skin against damage caused by pollution, UV light, or infrared radiation. Essentially, it protects overall skin integrity by reducing signs of premature aging caused by oxidation. Sun damage can lead to the formation of age spots, fine lines, and wrinkles. Introducing antioxidants like trehalose into your skincare routine is a great way to slow down signs of aging. Pair it with other anti-aging wonders (hint: you should try our best-selling Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask) and you’re all set!    Get your moisturizer in a cleanser now with CLEF Skincare!

  Uneven skin texture is one of those pesky beauty concerns that's harmless but is certainly enough to spoil your mood. Unlike uneven skin tone, which can easily be concealed with a simple pat of foundation or concealer (alright, we say “simple pat” but we all know blending is hard work), uneven skin texture is a lot trickier to mask.  If you have visible bumps on your face that you can’t seem to identify, let alone get rid of, you can refer to this article, where we cover the most common type of face bumps and how to manage them. If your skin is generally clear but just isn’t as smooth as you’d like it to be, read on! Your skin’s texture and overall appearance is influenced by many different factors including dryness, aging, sun damage, repetitive irritation, and lack of exfoliation. As time passes, these factors chip away at the delicate skin and make it more prone to roughness, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and sagging.   Choose the right ingredients The fight against uneven skin texture is all about maintenance and consistency. Assuming you’re already moisturizing your skin with hydrating powerhouses like hyaluronic and glycerin, which plumps up skin cells and provides a smoother-feeling texture, this can be improved by adding active ingredients to your routine. Since natural aging, sun damage, and acne scarring are three of the biggest culprits responsible for uneven skin texture, look out for products that are anti-aging, rich in antioxidants, and have the capacity to fade scars and hyperpigmentation. We recommend our best-selling 9-in-1 Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask that’s filled with top notch botanical extracts. With regular use, this multitasking mask treatment will help to soften, smooth, and even out the appearance of your skin.    Cleansing A diligent cleansing routine can give skin a smoother, brighter appearance by removing dead cells and other debris on the skin’s surface and allowing light to reflect from the skin. Double-cleansing according to your skin type is a simple but effective way to make sure you remove dirt, grease, and makeup residue—all of which have the potential to clog pores—without the risks of over-washing and drying out your skin. To get the best out of your cleansing step, we recommend using a multifunctional cleanser like our new Hydrating Cleansing Gel, which deep cleans without leaving your skin feeling tight. It’s also infused with a DNA repairing complex, which boosts the skin’s collagen production, and ferulic acid, a highly effective antioxidant that fights sun damage.    SPF It’s no secret that UV radiation is bad news for the skin. Chronic sun exposure is hugely responsible for causing uneven skin texture and pore-size irregularity. In fact, most of the skin damage in older patients is caused by a lifetime of unprotected sun exposure, which destroys the skin’s natural collagen and elastin stores that make up the connective tissues of our dear skin. For daily use, opt for a broad-spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF 30 to protect your skin from both UVA and UVB rays. Up to 80 percent of UV rays can penetrate cloud cover and can pass through glass and car windows, so don’t think you’re protected just because you’re physically shaded from the sun! If you know you’ll be spending plenty of time outdoors, reach for SPF 50 or higher. Exfoliation As you get older, your body becomes less effective at naturally shedding dead skin cells. When excess dead skin cells build up on the surface of your skin, you're left with a dull, uneven tone and, yep you guessed it, uneven texture. If dead skin cell build-up is the issue, getting rid of uneven skin texture could be as easy as sloughing them away. Make sure you're exfoliating at least once a week, paying extra attention to areas that feel uneven. Note: ‘extra attention’ does not mean extra hard! Remember to always be gentle with your skin. Exfoliation can be done either physically or chemically. Physical exfoliation products do carry the risk of being too abrasive, which can lead to oil overproduction and micro-tears in your skin, which will worsen existing texture issues. If you swear by physical exfoliation and trust yourself with being gentle, opt for formulas that use spherical particles (no jagged edges) and make sure you stick by that once-a-week rule. If you don’t trust yourself (it’s okay, we get it! Skincare gets us super excited too), the alternative is to ditch scrubs altogether in favor of chemical exfoliants like glycolic or salicylic acid, which are gentler options that allow for more consistent results. Stay hydrated We know this one might make you roll your eyes because it might seem painfully obvious, but it’s just a friendly reminder! Make water your best friend. Aside from helping to flush out toxins from your body, the more water you drink, the plumper and more hydrated your cells become, which makes your skin look glowy and supple. It also helps the cellular metabolic processes run more efficiently. Drink at least eight to ten glasses of water (or more if you lead an active lifestyle or just have overactive sweat glands), and eat at least five servings of fruits or vegetables to supply your body with the micronutrients and antioxidants it needs to maintain healthy skin.    Tired of Uneven Skin Texture? .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

  Bumps on the facial skin come in varying sizes, textures, shapes, and colours and are usually harmless (except for the distress they cause you when you inspect your makeup up-close and realise that it’s only nice from far, but far from nice … ). Some, however, are slightly more concerning and may require a professional examination. Plain and simple: If a bump on your face isn’t turning darker, bleeding, changing in a concerning way, or causing you discomfort, you probably don’t need to visit a medical doctor. Other bumps, like acne, can often be managed at home with a consistent skincare routine, or with the help of a dermatologist. Here’s what you need to know about the different types of bumps that appear on your face and how to manage them, because we all want skin like the Paris filter on Instagram.     Comedones These harmless bumps are the most common and are categorized in two groups: closed comedones (whiteheads) and open comedones (blackheads). As their names suggest, whiteheads are white bumps, and blackheads are, well, black bumps. The cause: Comedones are basically clogged pores. When they’re closed, the blockage of excess oil and dead skin cells appears white or pinkish. When they’re open, this unpleasant cocktail becomes oxidized, causing it to appear black.  The treatment: Despite the popularity of pore strips and how attractive the idea of quick fixes can be, avoid using these to remove blackheads. The adhesive used to stick them to the skin can damage your complexion, plus they strip the skin of natural oils and only remove the very top of blackheads, leaving you with still-clogged pores.  To manage them and prevent full-blown breakouts, be disciplined with your cleansing routine and use a cleanser that deep cleans the skin. We recommend using our Hydrating Cleansing Gel, which does so without causing dryness plus it has a handful of anti-aging benefits. Whatever you do, avoid squeezing these bumps! Squeezing them can force the bacteria even deeper (yikes) and causes trauma to the skin, which increases the risk of scarring. To prevent blackheads and whiteheads, look for makeup and skincare products that are oil-free and non-comedogenic, which won’t clog your pores.     Milia If you’ve ever had tiny whitehead-looking bumps on your face that refused to budge no matter how many times you tried to extract them, they were probably a harmless cyst known as milia (singular milium). The cause: These un-poppable cysts, which are hard (not gooey like your average whitehead), occur when dead skin cells get trapped under the skin. While they can happen to anyone, they are more prevalent in people with excessive sun damage, have experienced skin trauma like burns, or those who use lots of oil-based makeup and skincare. The treatment: Although milia generally vanish on their own, some can be awfully stubborn. If this is the case for you, we recommend trying exfoliating products with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). Additionally, a dermatologist can remove milia by making a small incision with sterilized tools. Key phrase: a dermatologist. Do not try this at home!     Fungal acne If you’ve ever had itchy, uniform red bumps on your skin that don’t respond to traditional topical and oral acne-fighting treatments—such as benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics—it’s probably an inflammation in the hair follicles known as fungal acne. The cause: While regular acne is triggered by bacteria and clogged pores, fungal acne is caused by an overgrowth of yeast (a type of fungus). This yeast lives on everyone’s skin and thrives in an environment rich in oils and fatty acids, but it only grows into fungal acne when it feeds on large amounts of human sebum. Yeast levels spike in hot, humid weather when we’re sweaty, which is bad news for us living in these climates.  The treatment: Avoid tight-fitting clothing, which traps sebum against the skin and essentially provides a feast for the yeast (this sounds cool but it’s really not), and change out of sweaty gym clothes as quickly as possible. Apart from that, avoid fermented ingredients in skincare (such as galactomyces and saccharomyces) and avoid cleansing oils/balms. Use micellar water to remove your makeup instead! If it’s not a part of your routine already, do introduce your skin to salicylic acid, an antibacterial and anti-fungal ingredient that works wonders against fungal acne.     Cystic Acne Cystic pimples occur very deep under the skin's surface, forming a red, painful bump that’s difficult to treat with over-the-counter medications. The inflammation that comes with cystic acne can disrupt the skin’s natural healing process and often leads to stubborn scarring. The cause: Cystic acne is mainly caused by hormonal fluctuations. High hormone levels trigger an overproduction of sebum, which causes pores to swell. When this oil cannot reach the skin’s surface, it bursts underneath and spreads inflammation to surrounding tissue. Other causes include bacteria in hair follicles and slowed cell turnover in acne patients. The treatment: Picking at these bumps under the skin won’t do you any good. These cysts grow so deep beneath the skin that you won’t even come close to reaching the bump, and you’ll be left with an unsightly bloody spot. Instead, book an appointment with your dermatologist, who can properly treat it and save you from scarring altogether. If you stumbled upon this article a little too late and you have scars you’d like to get rid of, we recommend using our best-selling Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask, which is great for fading scars and improving skin texture.   Experiencing bumps on your face? .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

  What is Body Acne and What Causes It? Pimples, blackheads, and cysts don't only appear on the face. If you’re acne-prone due to risk factors such as hormones or oily skin, you may develop these pesky blemishes anywhere on your body, such as the neck, chest, shoulders, and upper arms. Like the face, the upper half of the body has many sebaceous glands, which increases the likelihood of clogged pores. Body acne is triggered by the same factors that cause facial acne: overactive oil glands, excess dead skin cells, and the growth of acne-causing bacteria. When excess sebum and dead skin cells get trapped within pores, it can create a blockage. This blockage becomes a blackhead and can progress to an inflamed pimple if it gets invaded by bacteria. If you're dealing with body acne, know that it's fairly common and you're not alone. Though body acne isn’t always as obvious as facial acne, it can be quite a pain in the [insert affected body part here].    Getting Rid of Body Acne  1. Avoid tight clothes that aren’t breathable   Certain types of clothing, sports equipment, and other gear can cause body acne. Friction or pressure on the skin, mixed with sweat and/or heat, can irritate follicles and cause a type of acne called acne mechanica. Do minimize friction if you’re trying to prevent or heal body acne. This means avoiding tight-fitting clothing, too-snug collars, backpacks, purse straps, and athletic pads or gear. Find ways to work around these—for example if your body acne is especially prevalent on your back, you may want to switch to a handheld bag instead of carrying a heavy backpack. Another key to preventing body acne is to wear loose, breathable clothing. Certain fabrics, such as wool, polyester, polyamide (nylon), and spandex, can cause further irritation. Opt for 100% cotton instead!  2. Shower immediately after a workout (or after a sweaty day) Sweat irritates body acne because the bacteria responsible for causing acne thrive on sweaty skin. To minimize irritation, remove sweaty clothing and shower as soon as possible after exercising. That means no lying on the floor to space out after an exhausting workout. If a shower is not immediately accessible, bring a change of clean clothes and wipe down your body with cleansing wipes. As soon as you get home, hop in the shower to rinse off, preferably with an anti-bacterial body wash.  3. Choose the right body moisturizer While body moisturizers have the potential to clog pores, this doesn’t mean you should ditch them entirely. Just choose the right one! Moisturizers help to soothe and repair your skin barrier, but make sure that the products you leave on your skin are labelled 'non-comedogenic,' which is merely a fancy way of saying ‘non-pore-clogging’. If you have extra sensitive skin, you may also want to avoid synthetic fragrances (yes, those Island-scented body butters gotta go, sorry! We don’t make the rules). 4. Exfoliate once a week Yes, we know we said friction is bad. But hear us out: your skin goes through a process of cell turnover, where dead skin cells rise to the surface to make way for new skin cells beneath. Unfortunately, dead skin cells don’t always shed on their own—they can stay in your pores and clog them, leading to acne. This is where exfoliating comes in. This process removes dead skin cells to prevent clogged pores and reveals noticeably smoother skin. We recommend exfoliating with a gentle scrub once a week to remove build-ups that could be causing your breakouts. Keyword: gentle! We know it’s exciting to scrub away all that gunk, but please remember that your skin is delicate, and should be treated as such. If scrubby scrubs feel too abrasive for your body and leave your skin feeling raw, try a chemical exfoliator (AHA/BHA) instead.  5. Use a topical treatment We know it’s tempting, but whatever you do, don’t pick, squeeze, or scratch your spots. This leads to scarring and can also lead to infections. The chest and back are two areas on your body that heal especially poorly and can scar more easily, so be warned. Blemishes last for only a few days, but scars will stick around for a long, long time.  Instead, apply a spot treatment like benzoyl peroxide (which fights bacteria) or salicylic acid (which exfoliates). These fight acne breakouts by shrinking pimples and healing underlying inflammation. Do apply it before bed to maximize its effectiveness (our bodies heal better at night), but note that benzoyl peroxide is notorious for bleaching clothes and sheets, so take necessary precaution. As for salicylic acid, it carries a risk of toxicity when applied to large areas, so make sure to take the word ‘spot’ in ‘spot treatment’ seriously.  If you already have scarring you’d like to get rid of, we recommend using products like our Copper Peptide Anti-Aging Mask, which fades acne scars and evens out skin tone and texture. While our face mask is, well, intended for the face, the excess serum can be applied everywhere else so your body can enjoy its benefits, too.  If the aforementioned over-the-counter (OTC) treatments don’t seem to be working, you'll need a prescription treatment. A trip to a doctor or dermatologist will save you lots of time and money in the long run. You won't be wasting money on ineffective OTC products, plus you'll be happier with the results.   Say Goodbye to Body Acne! .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

  What Is Ferulic Acid, and How Do I Use It? Ferulic acid is a powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radical damage from pollution, UV light, or infrared radiation. Essentially, it protects overall skin integrity by reducing signs of premature aging caused by oxidation. It’s naturally found in the cell walls of plants, such as bran, rice, oats, peanuts, eggplants, and the seeds of apples and oranges, where it plays a key role in the plants' protection and self-preservation. When used in skincare, ferulic acid does exactly that—it protects and preserves. Sun damage is one of the main culprits responsible for premature skin aging. Ferulic acid assists in the skin's regeneration functions to take care of skin that has already been over-exposed. When something tries to damage your skin, it creates a molecule that, in its active state, will continue to damage the surrounding skin. Ferulic acid works by stepping in and neutralising these molecules, effectively shutting them down to prevent further damage and trauma. We recommend integrating ferulic acid into both your AM and PM routines as it will equip your skin with antioxidants to battle the environmental factors during the day, and you will reap its reparative benefits while you sleep at night. Our Hydrating Cleansing Gel, which contains ferulic acid plus other top-notch anti-aging ingredients such as trehalose and DNA repair complex, is a great option to start incorporating ferulic acid into your everyday routine.  Ferulic acid has a fantastic reputation for being safe for all skin types, and is suitable for daily use. Though, if you have extremely sensitive skin or grain allergies, it’s a good idea to test a small amount of the product first, just as you would with any new skin care product.   5 Reasons Why You Should Be Using Ferulic Acid   It reduces the formation of age spots and dark spots Free radicals can cause an increase in pigmentary alteration, which accelerates the formation of age spots and darkens the appearance of acne scars. The consistent use of ferulic acid can shield the skin from these effects, leaving you with a clear complexion. Ferulic acid is also known to reduce pigmentation related to melasma, a common pigmentation disorder that causes blotchy brown or gray patches to appear primarily on the skin of the face. According to research, the only thing we have currently to protect against skin pigmentation issues are antioxidants like ferulic acid.     It reduces the formation of fine lines and wrinkles As if it couldn’t get any worse, free radicals can also cause a loss of firmness in the skin, which is what creates fine lines and wrinkles. Ferulic acid keeps the skin strong and firm by reducing the potential for sagging skin, further cementing its reputation as a stellar anti-aging ingredient.      It reduces inflammation Apart from causing premature skin aging, the oxidative damage caused by free radicals can also cause inflammation in the skin, which blocks pores and can lead to those unsightly breakouts. Antioxidants like ferulic acid have anti-inflammatory properties.    It decreases uneven skin tone by redness Pollution and radiation, which our skin gets exposed to on a daily basis, cause an increase in the formation of blood vessels, which is what creates redness in our skin. Ferulic acid works to shield the skin from these negative effects, which will leave you with a bright and even skin tone. Time to ditch those color correctors for good!    It boosts the effects of vitamin C Vitamin C is a common ingredient in many skincare products—however it isn’t very shelf-stable on its own. It degrades quickly when exposed to sunlight, which is why products rich in vitamin C, mainly serums, usually come in opaque or amber-colored bottles. Ferulic acid enhances the efficacy and stability of highly oxidative substances like these, allowing them to work harder and last longer. Research has found that ferulic acid’s ability to minimize sun damage doubles when combined with vitamin C. So, if you’re already in love with vitamin C (we definitely are), you know what to do.   Want to know how Ferulic Acid can help your skin? .. Try CLEF Skincare today   

  “Cleansers don’t really matter—I’m just gonna wash it off anyway!” Does this sound familiar?  We’re all guilty of prioritising our topical leave-on products like serums and moisturisers, but having that “whatever works” mindset when it comes to picking a facial cleanser. Well, it’s time to change that. Cleansers remove dirt and oil from the skin while emptying the pores of unwanted debris. Doing so allows the skin’s natural oil to reach the skin surface freely, which maintains healthy, clear skin by preventing clogged pores and acne. Given that cleansers play such a huge role and are the first step in any skincare routine, it’s important to choose the right one to start things on a good note. Cleansers essentially prep our skin to receive all the leave-on products we’re going to apply next.   Find the Right Balance Using a cleanser that’s too drying can leave you with irritated or tight skin. While we’re generally accustomed to being “squeaky clean”, stripping all the skin’s natural oils to the point of actual squeakiness actually does more harm than good. This leaves us relying on creams to add that hydration back into our skin—a never-ending cycle that could have been avoided if we didn’t dry it out in the first place. Drying cleansers can also cause rebound sebum production, leaving your skin even oilier than before. On the other hand, using a cleanser that’s too rich leaves a layer that could clog pores and trigger breakouts. "Nourishing" cleansers may seem ideal in preventing dryness, but certain ingredients actually make skin even drier by forming a barrier that disrupts the skin's natural regeneration process. A good cleanser should clean dirt and excess oil from your skin while hydrating it. For an even more streamlined routine, we recommend opting for a cleanser that offers other skin benefits as well. Our Hydrating Cleansing Gel, which deep cleans pores without drying out the skin, contains effective, multifunctional ingredients that are moisturizing, repairing, and anti-aging.     Identify Your Skin Type Familiarising yourself with your skin type is crucial since this will allow you to create a routine that specifically targets your areas of concern. Normal skin has the ideal mix of moisture and oil. Oily skin becomes greasy soon after washing and often has large, visible pores. Dry skin lacks oil and can often be flaky, itchy, or tight. Combination skin is when some parts of the face are oily, while others are dry. Take note if your skin is sensitive too—look out for whether or not it’s prone to irritation and redness. Despite the straightforwardness of these classifications, deciphering our skin types based on these descriptions can be difficult since skin types actually exist on a spectrum. In fact, our skin can sometimes be a mixture of two or three of those within a single day! If this seems to be the case for you, your safest bet would be to opt for products that are marketed to be suitable for all skin types. These products were carefully formulated to meet the fine balance between each skin type, meaning they won’t be too mild or too extreme (and they’ll be hassle-free too!).    Stay Away From Sulfates Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) are detergents used in cleansers because they produce a lather that lifts oil away. All that foamy, soapy action may feel satisfying in the moment (especially if your skin is oily), but this actually ruins your skin barrier.  Your skin barrier is the outermost layer that keeps moisture in and protects you from dirt, bacteria, and pollution. Sulfates are so strong and so alkaline that they can temporarily damage it—causing irritation, itching, dryness, redness, or excess oil production. Upon exposure to sulfates, it can take hours for your skin's pH to go back to normal. Given that the average person cleanses twice daily, imagine how much stress sulfate exposure places on your skin. Fortunately, you can still get a satisfying cleanse with sulfate-free (also referred to as "soap-free") products. A good substitute is cocomidopropyl betaine, a compound derived from coconuts that cleanses gently and effectively, without causing dryness (psst, our Hydrating Cleansing Gel contains this ingredient!).   Look for pH Balanced Cleansers Our skin is protected by an acid mantle, a protective barrier on the skin’s surface made of sweat, skin oils, and dead skin cells. This acid mantle is what gives our skin its pH (which ranges from 4.0 to 7.0) and protects our skin from bacteria, fungi, environmental pollutants, and keeps it moist, soft, and supple—it basically does everything. Would we go so far as to say that we are nothing without our acid mantles? Yes. Yes we would. Disrupting your skin’s acid mantle is plain bad news, which is why opting for pH balanced products should be a top priority when choosing a cleanser, a.k.a. the most notorious acid mantle destroyers. A cleanser that is pH balanced simply means it has a pH similar to that of skin (pH 4-6). Generally speaking, 5.5 is a safe number to aim for.   Want a cleanser that fits the requirements above? .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

Wearing a face mask is one of the best and simplest ways to reduce the spread of COVID-19. However, this social responsibility comes with an unfortunate personal cost. A spike in skin issues such as pimples and rashes has been connected to the use of masks. Bacteria thrives in moist, warm environments—exactly like inside a piece of fabric that traps your breath and sweat directly against your skin.  Maskne, a portmanteau of ‘mask’ and ‘acne’, is acne and irritation from wearing a mask. This isn’t anything new, though. Acne mechanica, a form of acne triggered by excessive heat, pressure, or rubbing of the skin, is common among those who frequently wear head or face gear in sweaty conditions (think athletes and soldiers). Friction against the skin causes inflammation, which leads to clogged pores and, if left ignored, can cause deep acne cysts. Pair this with the summer heat and humidity, and you’ve got the perfect recipe for a breakout.  While wearing masks can be an inconvenience, please don’t use mask-induced acne as an excuse to leave them at home. Combined with the frequent use of hand sanitizer (which, let’s be honest, should have been normalized way before the coronavirus era—we skincare junkies have avoided touching our faces with unsanitized hands before it was cool!), it’s the least we can do to fulfill our duties as socially responsible citizens. Getting zits is not the end of the world, but a highly infectious and deadly virus ending mankind definitely is. Keep reading to learn more about maskne prevention, and how to cure it if you already have it.   Preventing Maskne    Opt for 100% cotton and practice good mask hygiene Dermatologists recommend 100% cotton fabric masks due to their lightness and excellent breathability. Conventional nonwoven fabric face masks, while light in weight, have poor breathability, much like how polyester and nylon fabrics have been pinpointed as the culprits responsible for backne (back acne—yes, acne is such a complex topic that there’s more than one of these) in athletes.  Due to the reusable nature of cotton fabric masks, you’ll need to keep them clean by washing them frequently with a mild soap—you don’t want all of that oil and bacteria to linger and get reapplied to your skin. Invest in multiple masks so that you can wash them daily and use them on rotation.     Simplify your skincare routine In critical times like these, less is more. Masks will intensify product delivery to your skin, much like how wearing socks to bed after applying a heavy moisturiser has proven to be a highly effective treatment for dry, cracked feet. While we do want to reap the maximum benefits of our skincare, intensifying the delivery of active ingredients like acids or retinol can be highly irritating. Instead, leave the active ingredients for your PM routine.  In the AM, a gentle cleanser, a simple moisturizer, and sunscreen is more than enough. Moisturizer is particularly important because it reduces mask friction (which is essentially how chafing cream works). Opt for soothing, non-comedogenic products with hyaluronic acid and ceramides. Do avoid oils, which carry the risk of clogging pores.  Last but not least, do not over-wash your face! You might be washing it three to four times a day in an attempt to prevent breakouts, but this is counterintuitive because over-washing dries the skin, causing it to produce more oil, which leads to … you guessed it, more breakouts. We know, we know! It’s a horrifying cycle. If you’re looking for something that deep cleans without drying out the skin, we recommend trying our new Hydrating Cleansing Gel.      Wear less makeup Eliminating anything that increases the risk of irritation and clogged pores is the key to keeping your skin clear and healthy. Plus, no one’s going to see your artwork under that mask! Thankfully, there are plenty of eye-catching, patterned cotton masks on the market for you to choose from, which offers you the chance to express yourself in fun, different ways.   Treating Maskne   Use the right treatments Classic spot treatments like benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid are still great options, but remember that masks will intensify their effects too. Therefore, we recommend using these only at night. In the daytime, opt for hydrocolloid pimple patches instead. Apart from being super effective at drying out pimples, these also reduce the friction between mask and blemish. To get rid of acne scarring, we recommend using products containing copper peptide, such as our Copper Peptide Anti-Aging Mask, which fades scars, reduces pigmentation, and repairs damaged skin.     Opt for retinol Dermatologists have sworn by retinol as a key acne-fighting ingredient for years despite its irritation potential. To minimise inflammation, try the sandwich method: layer moisturizer, then retinol, then moisturizer to dilute it. If you’re new to retinol, ease it into your routine by starting with a low concentration and use it on alternate nights to see how your skin reacts.  Since retinol increases the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, only use it at night and always wear sunscreen during daytime. If you’re using a classic spot treatment like the ones mentioned previously, use them on alternate nights. Remember not to get overzealous when fighting maskne. Be patient and be consistent—you’ll get through this!   Want to treat Maskne? .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

  What Are Copper Peptides? Peptides are naturally occurring protein fragments made up of amino acids. Specific formations of amino acids will create specific peptides, and specific formations of peptides will create specific proteins. Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of our skin. Copper peptides are just one type of peptide (out of hundreds) and have been used in skincare products since the 1990s. To be precise, copper peptides are made out of the element copper and three amino acids. In the formulation of skincare products, these complexes can be synthesised in laboratory settings by combining a solution containing copper with a substance similar to a protein powder.   The Benefits of Copper Peptides Peptides have gained immense popularity in the world of skincare because there is an abundance of clinical research proving that each of them work in highly specific ways to target specific skin care needs. Copper peptides in particular are great for those who suffer from acne, as they promote wound-healing and prevent breakouts by normalizing the skin’s bacterial concentrations. They are also known to be a skin-restoring ingredient because they teach the skin how to revitalize its building blocks, which in turn brings life back into aging skin. Botox, who? As our skin ages, its levels of structural proteins (such as collagen and elastin) and glycosaminoglycans (such as hyaluronic acid) naturally decreases, which is what leads to the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. Copper peptides work to rejuvenate skin cells in aging tissue by boosting the production of these compounds, allowing the skin to regain its elasticity, bounciness, and strength. Incorporating this ingredient into your skincare routine will therefore make many signs of aging less noticeable by slowing down the aging process altogether.    Further research has also shown that copper peptides are antioxidants, meaning they can counteract the oxidizing effects of free radicals, which we are exposed to on a daily basis through the sun’s harmful UV rays. Over time, the oxidation that they cause can result in cellular damage, leading to signs of aging.  Copper Peptides in Skincare  Copper peptides are commonly used in lotions, creams, and serums—products that are meant to be left on the skin to be fully absorbed. In our case, we formulated them into sheet masks to ensure your skin would reap the full benefits of this star ingredient. Our Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask is infused with Copper Tripeptide-1 at a concentration of 0.99%. Research has shown that if used in concentrations exceeding 1%, copper peptides create an unsightly bluish hue and foul metal smell. Moreover, the human skin can only absorb so much. We always believe in using a minimal approach to skincare while delivering maximum effectiveness.    Maximising the Benefits of Copper Peptides Despite the fantastic benefits copper peptides offer to our skin, it is always important to remember that there is no single-ingredient solution for every single sign of aging and other skin concerns. It would be unrealistic to rely on copper peptides alone (or any other specific skincare ingredient, for that matter) as your skin's solo rescuer. As the saying goes, “Team work makes the dream work!” This is why we use a blend of skin rescuers in our Copper Peptide Sheet Mask, which contains a cocktail of skin-replenishing ingredients with stellar reputations and clinically-proven effectiveness, such as German chamomile (chamomilla recutita), licorice root (glycyrrhiza uralensis), purslane (portulaca oleracea), and Asiatic pennywort (centella asiatica). You can learn more about the benefits of each ingredient here.   The Bottom Line Copper peptides will be a great addition to your skincare routine because they are clinically proven to be effective and have the ability to address multiple skin concerns. But as with all anti-aging ingredients, the most effective approach is to opt for products that use a blend of good ingredients, including skin-soothing and skin-restoring substances to visibly improve the health and appearance of your skin.   You're gonna love Copper Peptides! .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

  Let’s be honest: Picking and mixing your own skincare routine with products from various brands or collections is always more enticing than just settling for a single range from a specific brand. Not only do our itchy little fingers get to test more exciting products on the market, we get to enjoy all the different skincare benefits of each product too. “Best of both worlds”? More like “best of all worlds”! Unfortunately, chemistry is a complicated little thing. Active ingredients in different products can react negatively with one another, leading to skin irritation and reduced effectiveness. So, if your products don’t seem to be delivering the extraordinary promises and claims made on their labels, keep reading to find out why.    Can I use Niacinamide with Retinol? Short answer: Yes! Long answer: While retinol is known for its fantastic anti-aging benefits, it’s also known to be highly irritating. Niacinamide, another skincare favourite, helps counteract the irritating effects of retinol.   Can I use Vitamin C with Retinol? Short answer: No, thank you. Long answer: Retinol functions at a relatively higher pH (5.5-6) while vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) requires a pH of 3.5 or lower. However, this doesn’t mean they’re entirely useless. They still work, just not at their full potential which means you won’t receive the maximum brightening and antioxidative benefits of both ingredients. No one likes wasted potential, so if you have these two in your routine, we’d advise using Vitamin C during the AM, and retinol during the PM.    Can I use AHAs with Vitamin C? Short answer: Yes, but … Long answer: If you’re unfamiliar with the umbrella term “alpha hydroxy acids” (AHAs), you might recognise them by their individual names, such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, and mandelic acid. AHAs and vitamin C function around the same pH level and are therefore suitable for layering. While vitamin C can be used both day and night, it’s advisable to leave AHAs for bedtime since they increase your skin’s sensitivity to the sun’s harmful UV rays. So if you’d like to reap the exfoliating and brightening benefits of both acids, make sure you leave the layering for your night routine.   Can I use Retinol with AHAs/BHA? Short answer: Please don’t! Long answer: If you’re unfamiliar with beta hydroxy acid (BHA), you might know it as salicylic acid. While retinols, AHAs, and BHA are celebrated for their respective abilities to effectively increase cell turnover (see: exfoliation), layering them might not be the best idea. Over-exfoliating the delicate skin on your face will leave it raw and irritated. Dead cells, despite being well, dead, have a purpose: to protect the newer cells that aren’t ready to expose themselves at the surface yet. When it comes to exfoliation, you want to remove just the outermost layer of dead cells, not all of them. If you swear by both ingredients and can’t let them go from your routine, we’d recommend using them on alternating nights.   Can I use Vitamin C with Copper Peptides? Short answer: No, sorry! Long answer: Vitamin C and copper peptides are fantastic on their own, but cancel each other out when applied together. The copper oxidizes the vitamin C and causes it to break down rapidly, rendering it useless since there’s no time for the ingredients to work on your skin. For best results, we’d recommend applying a vitamin C serum only during the day and using copper peptide products (such as Clef’s best-selling Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask) at night.   Can I use Vitamin C with Niacinamide? Short answer: Not exactly. Long answer: While the dreaded yellow (niacinamide ascorbate) complex formed through the combination of these products is technically still effective for skincare, it doesn’t deliver optimal efficacy. Furthermore, vitamin C turns niacinamide into niacin, a substance that causes flushing and tingling in those who suffer from inflammatory acne. Vitamin C functions at a pH of 3.5, but niacinamide raises that pH to the 4.5-5 range, thus preventing the former from functioning at its full potential. In a nutshell, this combo isn’t exactly harmful, but we’d advise against it since you won’t be receiving the maximum benefits through this ingredient cocktail. While some sources claim that introducing a 20-minute wait time between each skincare layer solves all conflicting pH level issues, studies have found that this isn’t the case. It takes way longer than 20 minutes for the skin pH to revert to its natural 5.5, we’re talking 2 whole hours. A 2-hour wait time between each layer? For a 10-step routine? No thanks! To get the most out of your skincare routine, we’d recommend you avoid layering products with disagreeing functional pHs altogether.   image credit: Andrea Piacquadio

  What does it mean to be “clean”?  Clean beauty is all about making conscious choices for our health and safety by choosing plant-based ingredients for active results, over those that are harmful and toxic to our skin. With the skincare industry growing faster than ever, quickly surpassing the makeup industry. New products are being launched quicker than you can say “clean beauty”. As consumers, it’s our responsibility to make educated choices when deciding which products to invest in for our skin.  However, going “clean” is more than just considering human health and going down the (very rewarding) road of no nasties, it’s also about environmental health and avoiding harmful practices, such as animal testing. Animal testing, an ugly practice that has long been used, most ironically, in the beauty industry, involves experimenting on living animals to assess the effectiveness and safety of consumer products. Therefore, going clean also means only supporting brands that are cruelty-free.  CLEF is a high-end brand that aligns with the values of Korean Beauty (also known as K-Beauty), which focuses on youthful, glowy, glass-like skin. We believe in treating skin, the largest organ in the body (and the most obvious one, might we add), luxuriously, all while being clean, ethical, effective, and most importantly, stress-free. Self-care should be simple! Our products are formulated WITHOUT essential oils, drying alcohols, silica, parabens, hydroquinone, artificial fragrances and dyes, phthalates, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). In this article, we break down the ingredient list of CLEF’s best-selling Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Sheet Mask, which was formulated in France, and explain their benefits. FULL INGREDIENT LIST:  Water, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Chamomilla Recutita Extract, Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Extract, Portulaca Oleracea Extract, Centella Asiatica Extract, Copper Tripeptide-1, Carbopol, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose, Sodium Hyaluronate, Aminomethyl Propanol, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate, P-Hydroxyacetophenone, 1,2-Hexanediol   INGREDIENT BREAKDOWN: Water  A solvent that dissolves other ingredients. Only purified water free of pollutants, toxins, and microbes is used in our skincare formulations.   Glycerin  A moisturizing agent (known as a humectant) that draws water from the air and deeper levels of your skin, to the outer layers of your skin. Glycerin mimics the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF), making it non-allergenic. It is important to replenish the skin’s NMF because it depletes as we age, and as we expose our skin to environmental pollutants and irritating ingredients such as denatured alcohols.   Propylene Glycol A delivery agent that helps active ingredients penetrate skin. Like glycerin, it is also a humectant.   Chamomilla Recutita Extract Also known as German chamomile, Chamomilla Recutita is rich in antioxidants that protect the skin against free radicals in the sun’s harmful UV rays, which break the skin’s natural protective barrier. It also contains azulene, an organic compound with soothing, calming, and healing properties, making it ideal for combating inflammation and skin redness. Bisabolol, another compound in German chamomile, boosts the penetration power of other healthy ingredients in our Copper Peptide Mask formula while serving as an anti-aging component that softens fine lines and wrinkles.    Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Extract A time-honoured (we’re talking 4,000 years) medicinal herb grown throughout Asia also known as licorice root. This ingredient is popular for its ability to fade hyperpigmentation, acne scars, and dark spots left behind after breakouts. Glabridin, an active ingredient of licorice root, inhibits the production of an enzyme (tyrosinase) responsible for producing pigmentation in the skin. As a result, it also makes skin appear brighter and more radiant. Licorice root also offers natural protection as it contains UV blocking enzymes, which alleviate the discomfort and inflammation associated with sunburn.   Portulaca Oleracea Extract Also known as purslane, this is the richest green plant source of omega-3 fatty acids, NMFs, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. These skin goodies grant this ingredient several magic properties: it’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and has wound-healing abilities. Purslane is suitable for every skin type, including sensitive and reactive skin.    Centella Asiatica Extract Also known as gotu kola or Asiatic pennywort, this herb encourages collagen production, reduces scarring, and strengthens skin cells by making them resistant to sagging. Rich in vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, and phytochemicals, gotu kola has superb anti-aging properties. It improves blood circulation, accelerates wound-healing due to its antimicrobial properties, and improves skin elasticity, keeping it healthy and youthful.    Copper Tripeptide-1 The star ingredient our Copper Peptide Masks are named after. Copper Tripeptide-1 is a complex found naturally in our bodies. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that penetrate the top layer of skin where they go to work, delivering their anti-aging and rejuvenating benefits.  Copper Tripeptide-1 boosts the skin’s natural production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. This results in skin that is firmer, smoother, brighter, and with better elasticity and moisture. Say goodbye dull patches, texture, and double chins! It also repairs damaged skin, lessens wrinkles, and reduces pigmentation. It’s a brilliant multitasking ingredient—plus it does all this quicker than most other anti-aging skincare products on the market. Carbomer/Carbopol A delivery agent for other ingredients.   Hydroxyethyl Cellulose A thickening agent.   Sodium Hyaluronate Hyaluronic acid, just in salt form (which blends better with the composition of ingredients). Like glycerin, this ingredient is a superb humectant and is celebrated as the key to plumping fine lines and introducing dewiness to the skin.   Aminomethyl Propanol A pH level adjuster that helps other active ingredients penetrate the skin, making the overall formulation more effective.   Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate As another form of licorice root extract, dipotassium glycyrrhizate is a skin relaxer that soothes the skin and allows it to absorb active ingredients without any irritation. It also preserves hyaluronic acid content in skin.   Hydroxyacetophenone An antioxidant agent and skin-conditioning that pairs well with licorice root, one of the key ingredients in our Copper Peptide Mask, by multiplying its antioxidative effects. It also boosts the preservation system in skincare formulations and stops them from losing their efficacy.    1,2-Hexanediol A moisture binding agent that prevents the moisture inside the mask from drying up before usage.   Love what you just read? .. Try CLEF Skincare today 

  At CLEF, we focus on skincare formulations that are safe, minimal, and clinically effective. We believe in only using simple and straightforward ingredients that are directly beneficial for the skin and strengthen the integrity of our formulations—nothing more and nothing less. While much consideration was put into shortlisting the ingredients to include in our products, it’s equally as important to think about what we intentionally left out. This approach applies to every step of the skincare routine, whether it's a cleanser to remove impurities, a toner to prep and balance the skin, or a targeted treatment like our best-selling Anti-Aging Copper Peptide Mask. From the beginning, we decided to exclude ingredients that could potentially disrupt the health and function of the skin and the body as a whole. We will always be advocates of ingredients with clinically proven safety and effectiveness without poor or questionable reputations. In this article, we break down the harmful ingredients to avoid in skincare, and explain why they’re worth avoiding.   1. PARABENS Parabens have been widely used as artificial preservatives in skincare products since the 1920s. Preservatives, as their name suggests, are added to preserve the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria and mold. However, studies have found that parabens not only have the potential to irritate the skin—they can also interfere with the body’s hormone systems. Specifically, parabens mimic the hormone estrogen, which can negatively affect fertility, reproductive organs, and birth outcomes. They have also been found to increase the risk of cancer by influencing other cell receptors to activate cancer genes, which accelerates the growth of cancer cells.  How to avoid: Look out for butylparabens, methylparabens, and propylparabens (three of the most commonly used parabens) in ingredient lists.    2. DRYING ALCOHOLS Drying alcohols are used to make skincare formulations feel lighter, accelerate their absorption, and enhance the penetrability of active ingredients. As the name suggests however, these alcohols can cause dryness and irritation by degrading the skin’s protective barrier, which reduces its ability to maintain moisture. They can also stimulate excessive oil production, which is what leads to those unsightly, mood-ruining breakouts. Alcohol is simply the skin’s worst nightmare, plus it’s basically pro-aging, which is not what you want when looking for skincare with anti-aging benefits. How to avoid: Look out for ethanol, SD alcohol / denatured alcohol / alcohol denat, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol.  P.S. Not all alcohols are bad! Benzyl, Cetearyl, Stearyl, Cetyl, and Behenyl alcohols are a few you can trust. These act as emollients which protect the skin by maintaining its moisture levels.   3. SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (SLS) SLS is the ingredient that gives skincare products the bubbly, foamy consistency that makes us feel squeaky clean. However, SLS dries out the skin by harshly stripping away natural oils, which leads to irritation and allergic reactions. For those with oily skin, the short-term joy of that squeaky clean feeling isn’t worth it in the long-term, since this drying effect can cause the skin to overcompensate by producing more oil, leading to breakouts. SLS is also known to trigger inflammatory skin reactions like eczema and dermatitis.  Another ingredient with a mystifyingly similar name, sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) is also commonly used as a foaming agent. This is believed to be a better alternative to SLS as it performs similarly but is significantly less irritating on the skin. Phew! If you have sensitive skin however, we’d recommend avoiding both SLS and SLES, just to be safe.  How to avoid: Simply look out for sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate.   4. MINERAL OILS Mineral oil is a compound derived from petroleum that locks in moisture by forming a barrier on the skin’s surface. It comes in different grades, ranging from the technical grade—used to lubricate engines—to a purified cosmetic grade found in skincare products (e.g., Vaseline petroleum jelly). While the cosmetic grade is considered safe for the skin as it has undergone thorough purification processes, the barrier effect of mineral oils has the potential to clog pores and suffocate the skin. Due to its large molecular size, mineral oils cannot penetrate the skin and thus cannot be absorbed. To get the most out of your moisturising skincare products, always opt for those that absorb into the skin, not those that simply sit on the surface. How to avoid: Look out for mineral oil, petrolatum, paraffinum liquidum, and paraffin.   5. ARTIFICIAL FRAGRANCES & DYES Artificial fragrances and dyes are typically added to skincare products to improve their scent and appearance and make them more appealing to consumers. Let’s be honest though—they serve no real purpose, and they're a skin irritation risk not worth taking.  Fragrance formulations are usually considered company proprietary information (secret formula), which means skincare companies are not required to list out the constituent ingredients and can escape with merely declaring these blends under the single term “fragrance”. One of the most notoriously undisclosed ingredients, known as phthalates, are known to cause inflammation, worsen allergies, and trigger breakouts in those suffering from sensitive skin or eczema. Artificial dyes are also known to trigger allergies, asthma, and cause chromosomal damage, so much so that countries like Norway and Sweden have banned its use. When subscribing to clean beauty, opt for products that are transparent with the ingredients they use. Not only is this refreshing for your skin—it’s also reassuring for the mind. How to avoid: Look out for fragrance, Yellow #6, Red #40, and Green #3.   6. SILICONES Silicones are a group of substances best known for their ability to form a barrier-like coating on the skin that’s resistant to water and air. Their unique texture gives skincare products a velvety feel that makes for easy applications and leaves skin looking plump and smooth by filling in uneven surfaces. However, silicones don’t provide any actual skin benefits—they make skin look and feel nice in the short-term, but don’t contribute anything long-term. You wash away its superficial benefits as soon as you rinse the product off … if you can, that is. Due to its water-resistant (hydrophobic) properties, silicone-based products are difficult to dislodge from pores, which can lead to, you guessed it, clogged pores! For those with acne-prone and sensitive skin, silicone can trap oil, dirt, and dead skin cells and trigger breakouts.  How to avoid: Look out for dimethicone, cyclomethicone, cyclohexasiloxane, cetearyl methicone, and cyclopentasiloxane. Avoid harmful ingredients with CLEF Skincare today!